Threads and processes are very similar but they differ in the way they share resources. Processes are normally independent and have its own address space. Now the question comes when 2 independent processes want to communicate how do they do that. There are quite a few options for them to establish a good amount of communication protocol. Some of them are listed below.
1. Message passing.
2. Through Socket communication.
3. Named piped communication.
I will be mainly focusing on
Named piped Communication.
We start a server in a low priority thread.
Code: CPP
CPipeSampleDlg *pPipeDlg = (CPipeSampleDlg*)lpData;
while(TRUE)
{
BOOL fConnected,fSuccess;
CHAR chRequest[MAX_PATH];
DWORD cbBytesRead;
// If Pipe server is stopped break from the loop.
if(pPipeDlg->m_PipeHandle == NULL)
break;
fConnected = ConnectNamedPipe(pPipeDlg->m_PipeHandle, NULL) ? TRUE : (GetLastError() == ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED);
if (fConnected)
{
fSuccess = ReadFile (pPipeDlg->m_PipeHandle, // handle to pipe
chRequest, // buffer to receive data
MAX_PATH, // size of buffer
&cbBytesRead, // number of bytes read
NULL); // not overlapped I/O
chRequest[cbBytesRead] = '\0';
CString msg;
msg.Format("Received string : %s\r\n",chRequest);
pPipeDlg->ShowLastError(msg);
FlushFileBuffers(pPipeDlg->m_PipeHandle);
DisconnectNamedPipe(pPipeDlg->m_PipeHandle);
}
}
return 0;
The thread waits for a client to connect to it as passes some data to the server.
Code: CPP
CString szPipeName;
szPipeName = _T("\\\\.\\pipe\\PipeTest");
BOOL bret = FALSE;
//first we will try to connect to the exising PIPE
bret = ::WaitNamedPipe((LPCSTR)szPipeName,PROVIDER_WAIT_TIME);
//the named
if(bret == FALSE)
{
ShowLastError();
return;
}
else
{
//the PIPE is available so we will do the rest of the work in a thread
ShowLastError("PIPE is available for connection");
BOOL flg;
DWORD dwWrite;
CString szPipeUpdate;
HANDLE hPipeHandle = ::CreateFile((LPCSTR)szPipeName,GENERIC_WRITE,0,NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,0,NULL);
szPipeUpdate = _T("WM_USER_MESSAGE");
flg = WriteFile(hPipeHandle, szPipeUpdate, strlen(szPipeUpdate), &dwWrite, NULL);
if (FALSE == flg)
ShowLastError("Sending string : " + szPipeUpdate + " Failed");
else
ShowLastError("Sending string : " + szPipeUpdate);
CloseHandle(hPipeHandle);
}
The client connects to the pipe creates a file to be wriiten. Writes the file and returns. It does not wait for the server to complete the process with the data. This is asynchronous mode of tranfer.
I have used the name of the pipe as "\\\\.\\pipe\\PipeTest" which connects to the server on the local machine but it can be used to specify some other name of the server or even the ip address where the server is running like "\\\\127.0.0.1\\pipe\\PipeTest"
I have similar code in VB with same API's for you to see.
Server code
Code: VB
Dim ovl As OVERLAPPED
Dim fConnected, fSuccess As Boolean
Dim iConnectionStatus As Long
Dim chRequest As String
Dim cbBytesRead As Long
Do
DoEvents
If PipeHandle = 0 Then
Exit Do
End If
iConnectionStatus = ConnectNamedPipe(PipeHandle, ovl)
If iConnectionStatus <> 0 Then
fConnected = True
Else
If Err.LastDllError = ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED Then
fConnected = True
Else
fConnected = False
End If
End If
If fConnected = True Then
chRequest = Space(MAX_PATH)
fSuccess = ReadFile(PipeHandle, chRequest, MAX_PATH, cbBytesRead, ovl)
If Not fSuccess Or cbBytesRead = 0 Then
Exit Do
End If
ShowLastStatus "Recieved : " + chRequest
FlushFileBuffers ByVal PipeHandle
DisconnectNamedPipe ByVal PipeHandle
End If
Loop
Client code
Code: VB
Dim bret As Boolean
bret = False
bret = WaitNamedPipe(szPipeName, PROVIDER_WAIT_TIME)
If bret = False Then
ShowLastStatus
Else
ShowLastStatus "PIPE is available for connection"
Dim flg As Boolean
Dim dwWrite As Long
Dim szPipeUpdate As String
Dim hPipeHandle As Long
Dim sa As SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES
Dim ovl As OVERLAPPED
hPipeHandle = CreateFile(szPipeName, GENERIC_WRITE, 0, sa, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, 0)
szPipeUpdate = "HI FROM CLIENT"
flg = WriteFile(hPipeHandle, szPipeUpdate, Len(szPipeUpdate), dwWrite, ovl)
If False = flg Then
ShowLastStatus "Sending string : " + szPipeUpdate + " Failed"
Else
ShowLastStatus "Sending string : " + szPipeUpdate
End If
End If
API's
Code: VB
'Constants
Public Const PROVIDER_WAIT_TIME = 30
Public Const PIPE_ACCESS_DUPLEX = &H3
Public Const FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED = &H40000000
Public Const PIPE_TYPE_MESSAGE = &H4
Public Const PIPE_WAIT = &H0
Public Const MAX_PATH = 260
Public Const INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = -1
Public Const FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER = &H100
Public Const FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM = &H1000
Public Const FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS = &H200
Public Const LANG_NEUTRAL = &H0
Public Const GENERIC_WRITE = &H40000000
Public Const OPEN_EXISTING = 3
Public Const ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED = 535&
'Types
Public Type SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES
nLength As Long
lpSecurityDescriptor As Long
bInheritHandle As Long
End Type
Public Type OVERLAPPED
Internal As Long
InternalHigh As Long
offset As Long
OffsetHigh As Long
hEvent As Long
End Type
'Functions
Public Declare Function CreateNamedPipe Lib "kernel32" Alias "CreateNamedPipeA" (ByVal lpName As String, ByVal dwOpenMode As Long, ByVal dwPipeMode As Long, ByVal nMaxInstances As Long, ByVal nOutBufferSize As Long, ByVal nInBufferSize As Long, ByVal nDefaultTimeOut As Long, lpSecurityAttributes As SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES) As Long
Public Declare Function FormatMessage Lib "kernel32" Alias "FormatMessageA" (ByVal dwFlags As Long, lpSource As Any, ByVal dwMessageId As Long, ByVal dwLanguageId As Long, ByVal lpBuffer As String, ByVal nSize As Long, Arguments As Long) As Long
Public Declare Function ConnectNamedPipe Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hNamedPipe As Long, lpOverlapped As OVERLAPPED) As Long
Public Declare Function ReadFile Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hFile As Long, lpBuffer As Any, ByVal nNumberOfBytesToRead As Long, lpNumberOfBytesRead As Long, lpOverlapped As OVERLAPPED) As Long
Public Declare Function FlushFileBuffers Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hFile As Long) As Long
Public Declare Function DisconnectNamedPipe Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hNamedPipe As Long) As Long
Public Declare Function WaitNamedPipe Lib "kernel32" Alias "WaitNamedPipeA" (ByVal lpNamedPipeName As String, ByVal nTimeOut As Long) As Long
Public Declare Function CreateFile Lib "kernel32" Alias "CreateFileA" (ByVal lpFileName As String, ByVal dwDesiredAccess As Long, ByVal dwShareMode As Long, lpSecurityAttributes As SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES, ByVal dwCreationDisposition As Long, ByVal dwFlagsAndAttributes As Long, ByVal hTemplateFile As Long) As Long
Public Declare Function WriteFile Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hFile As Long, lpBuffer As Any, ByVal nNumberOfBytesToWrite As Long, lpNumberOfBytesWritten As Long, lpOverlapped As OVERLAPPED) As Long
Public Declare Function CloseHandle Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hObject As Long) As Long
I am not a VB expert and if I you have any suggestion feel free to post a comment.
No need to copy and paste the code as I have attached the VB and VC Source codes for you to download.