programming with loops and break question.

Discussion in 'C++' started by ikj, May 20, 2009.

  1. ikj

    ikj New Member

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    im writing a code where im multiplying 2 and 3 with their powers, ie (2 ^ i) * ( 3 ^ j )..n if the resultant sum is greater than 32 bits then im not storin that value in my array n so i check with the next powers ie if for some i n j the ans is less than the previous 1(since a value greater than 64bits gets truncated n the remainin number left after truncatin is less than the prev num) then im breaking n startin with the next i value...also while checkin if the answer is more than 64 bits i store it in the array only if isnt more than 64 bits..
    the array should hold values like 0,1,2,3,4,6,8,9,12,18 etc n my code is not printing the values of 2 powers..
    this is my code:
    Code:
     
    #include<iostream>
    #include<math.h>
    using namespace std;
     
    main()
    {
    int c,n,d;
    d=c=pow(32,2);
    unsigned long a[d],b[c],t;
    d=c=0;
    a[d]=0;
    b[c]=0;
    for(int i=0;i<32;i++)
    { 
    for(int j=0;j<32;j++)
    {
    b[c]=pow(2,i)*pow(3,j);
    if(b[c]>b[c-1])
    { 
    a[++d]=b[c++];
    cout<<a[d]<<" ";
    }
    else
    {
    c--;
    break;
    }
    }
    }
    } 
    i know its not very neat n all but i still dont know why my break line doesnt go to my first for loop...can u please tell me the error..
    thanks for reading!
     
    Last edited by a moderator: May 21, 2009
  2. xpi0t0s

    xpi0t0s Mentor

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  3. xpi0t0s

    xpi0t0s Mentor

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  4. ikj

    ikj New Member

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    Code:
     
    #include<iostream>
    #include<math.h>
    using namespace std;
     
    main()
    {
    int c,n,d;
    /*math.pow returns a double
    good idea to cast it to a u int, just for the sake of it*/
    d=c=(unsigned long)(pow(32,2));
    unsigned long a[d],b[c],t;
    d=c=0;
    a[d]=0;
    b[c]=0;
    for(int i=0;i<32;i++)
    {
    printf(".");
    for(int j=0;j<32;j++)
    {
    b[c]=(unsigned long)(pow(2,i)*pow(3,j));
    /*This is your primary problem.
    consider when j = 0, on a new loop, this will not be false every time, since the previous entry was
    at y = 32 or some such.
    Easier fix, just ignore this rule when j = 0, as below. This is not always a totally safe assumption, but
    neither is this method of overflow checking, so it ought to do the job.*/
    if(j==0 || b[c]>b[c-1])
    {
    a[++d]=b[c++];
    }
    else
    {
    /*c--; */
    /*Decrementing this means the next value written will overwrite the previous VALID entry.
    You just need to not increment c.*/
    break;
    }
    }
    }
    for(int k=0;k<d;k++)
    cout<<a[k]<<endl;
    }
    
     
  5. ikj

    ikj New Member

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    hey. sorry bout that.
    what i want to do is to print the different results of (2^i)*(3^j) with i and j both from 0 to 32, which will be something like this: 1,2,3,4,6,9,12,16, and so on, but obviously not in the sorted order(i'll sort it later). whats happening now with my program is that its not printing the values of any of the powers of 3. so could you please help me correct that!
    thanks,here's the code:​

    Code:
    #include<iostream>
    #include<math.h>
    using namespace std;
     
    main()
    {
     int c,n,d;
     d=c=(unsigned long)(pow(32,2));
     unsigned long a[d],b[c],t;
     d=c=0;
     a[d]=0;
     b[c]=0;
     for(int i=0;i<32;i++)
     {
       printf(".");
      for(int j=0;j<32;j++)
      {
         b[c]=(unsigned long)(pow(2,i)*pow(3,j));
         if(j==0 || b[c]>b[c-1])
         {
             a[++d]=b[c++];
          } 
          else
          {
             break;
           }
       }
    }
      for(int k=0;k<d;k++)
          cout<<a[k]<<endl;
    }
    
     
  6. xpi0t0s

    xpi0t0s Mentor

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    Thanks, that's much more readable.

    It seems to work OK on my system. Changing the loop limits to 6 (instead of 32, and just to limit the total output for debugging purposes) I get the following output:
    Code:
    ......0
    1
    3
    9
    27
    81
    243
    2
    6
    18
    54
    162
    486
    4
    12
    36
    108
    324
    972
    8
    24
    72
    216
    648
    1944
    16
    48
    144
    432
    1296
    3888
    32
    96
    288
    864
    2592
    
    If you limit the loops to 6, what output do you get?

    With an upper limit of 32 this is the first part of the output for me (not incl the .....0) :
    Code:
    1
    3
    9
    27
    81
    243
    729
    2187
    6561
    19683
    59049
    177147
    531441
    1594323
    4782969
    14348907
    43046721
    129140163
    387420489
    1162261467
    3486784401
    2
    6
    18
    54
    162
    486
    1458
    4374
    13122
    39366
    118098
    354294
    1062882
    3188646
    9565938
    28697814
    86093442
    258280326
    774840978
    2324522934
    2678601506
    3740837222
    
    which seems to be in order (i.e. correct, as opposed to sorted, which it clearly isn't).
     
  7. ikj

    ikj New Member

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    tcaseshanks..
    but you know some of the answers are wrong, only a few though.
    its like this: my compiler is of 32 bits, and in my code im checking if the storage capabilty exceeds 32 bits by checking whether the answer is less than or greater than the previous answer; and im not storing the lesser ones( since they have been truncated:
    eg with ((2^64)-10)+19=(2^64)+9=0+9=9 (since 2^64 is basically one followed by 64 zeroes where the one at the front is discarded due to the system restrictment)

    but after thinking about it you might realise that my method is correct if you're adding two numbers n their sum is greater than 32 bits, because if the answer is greater than 32 bits then the front part is truncated leaving the remaining bits which is stored, and on multiplying for some cases the number remaining after truncating is still greater than the previous number so its getting stored which shudn't happen. so how do i go about correcting that?
    or atleast could you tell me how to check overflow while multiplying two numbers in c++ coz what ive done is for addition and not for multiplication?
     
  8. ikj

    ikj New Member

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    the first line shud've been thanks.
     
  9. xpi0t0s

    xpi0t0s Mentor

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    You just need to think about it slightly differently. Obviously you can't say if x>=2^32-1 because that's always going to evaluate FALSE. Let's just bring the numbers down a bit so we don't get lost in all the digits; suppose x+y has to be less than 10, and we can't say "if x+y>=10" due to overflow. Let's say x is 6. What are the possible values of y, and how do you imagine that could be figured out?
     
  10. ikj

    ikj New Member

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    hey thanks...
    so u meant go backward from the maximum possible value right?
    well i tried this:
    Code:
     
    if(j==0 || ULONG_MAX/pow(3,j)>pow(2,i))
    {
                     a[++d]=b[c++];
                     cout<<a[d]<<" ";
    }
    else
    {
                      break;
    }
    
    (ULONG_MAX is from<climits>)
    and it works perfectly!
    thanks alot!
     

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